Small Caltrops (Gokshura) functions as an aphrodisiac, which augments semen count and enhances libido. The herb is beneficial in erectile dysfunction as it strengthens the penile tissue. Protodioscin, a precursor of testosterone, found in Small Caltrops, is converted to dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). This improves flow-mediated vasodilatation of the penile arteries.
Cowhage/Velvet Bean (Kapikachchu) helps in the management of male sexual dysfunction by increasing testosterone levels.